Uncovering the Dangers of Water Toxicity

Water toxicity, also known as water intoxication, occurs when excessive amounts of water are consumed, leading to an imbalance of electrolytes, particularly sodium, in the body. This rare condition recently claimed the life of an American mother of two from Indiana who consumed about 1.8 liters (64 ounces) of water in under 20 minutes.

Dr. Somnath Gupta, a consultant physician and diabetologist, explained that water toxicity can cause an electrolyte imbalance, particularly hyponatremia (low sodium levels), which can lead to swelling of cells, including those in the brain. Dr. Hari Kishan Boorugu, another consultant physician and diabetologist, noted that excessive water intake-associated adverse effects are uncommon. Normally, 2 to 4 liters of water intake suffice for most individuals. However, certain neurological or psychiatric conditions may cause excessive thirst, resulting in consumption of over 5 liters of water daily, which can lead to low sodium levels and related problems.

Symptoms of water toxicity include gastrointestinal issues like nausea and vomiting, neurological symptoms such as headache and confusion, and in severe cases, coma or death. The condition is often caused by rapidly drinking excessive water, strenuous exercise, specific medical conditions, or quickly consuming large volumes of water. The intake of large quantities of water should vary based on factors like age, weight, and activity level. Treating water toxicity involves managing electrolyte imbalances, especially hyponatremia. Severe cases may require hospitalization for restoration of sodium levels. Immediate measures include reducing water intake, consuming salty foods, and seeking medical assistance if symptoms worsen. It’s important to be cautious about water intake and recognize the potential risks associated with excessive consumption.
Re-reported from the article originally published in The Indian Express