Martha Euphemia Lofton Haynes

: March 14th marks Pi Day, a celebration of the mathematical constant π, represented by the date’s first three digits, 3.14. This year, as we commemorate this significant day, we also pay tribute to Martha Euphemia Lofton Haynes, a pioneering figure in the world of mathematics. Born on September 11, 1890, in Washington, D.C., Haynes made history as the first Black woman to earn a PhD in Mathematics. Her journey is one of resilience, intellect, and groundbreaking achievements.

Early Life and Education: Martha Euphemia Lofton Haynes, born into a family deeply rooted in Washington’s African American community, exhibited early academic prowess. Despite facing familial challenges, she excelled academically and graduated as valedictorian from M Street high school in 1907. Following her graduation from Miner Normal School in 1909 and Smith College in 1914, where she earned a bachelor’s degree in mathematics, Haynes embarked on a path of continued academic pursuit.

Career and Contributions: In 1930, Haynes earned a master’s degree in education from the University of Chicago, delving into research that would shape educational practices. The same year, she founded the mathematics department at Miner Teachers College, later renamed the University of the District of Columbia, aimed at training African American teachers. Haynes also served as a professor and head of the math department for nearly three decades, leaving an indelible mark on the institution.

Historic Achievement: Haynes’s groundbreaking moment came in 1943 when she obtained her PhD in mathematics from the Catholic University of America, becoming the first Black woman to do so. Her doctoral dissertation, under the guidance of Professor Aubrey Edward Landry, focused on “The Determination of Sets of Independent Conditions Characterizing Certain Special Cases of Symmetric Correspondences.” This achievement was not only a personal triumph but also a significant milestone for women and African Americans in academia.

Advocacy and Legacy: Beyond her academic accomplishments, Haynes was a dedicated advocate for educational equity. As a member of the D.C. school board, she challenged discriminatory practices such as the use of IQ tests and the segregation of students based on academic tracking. Her efforts led to the dismantling of the tracking system, paving the way for a more inclusive educational environment.

Conclusion: Martha Euphemia Lofton Haynes’s legacy extends far beyond her mathematical achievements. She was a trailblazer who defied societal norms, advocated for equality, and inspired generations of mathematicians, particularly Black women, to pursue their passions. As we celebrate Pi Day, let us remember and honor the remarkable contributions of this extraordinary pioneer.

Re-reported from the article originally published in The essence.com