NASA studied identical twins, one in space

In a groundbreaking study, NASA sent one identical twin to space for a year while the other stayed on Earth. This unique experiment aimed to compare the effects of long-term space travel on the human body.

Scott and Mark Kelly, both astronauts, were part of this study. Scott went to the International Space Station (ISS) in March 2015, returning in March 2016. Meanwhile, Mark remained on Earth. After Scott’s return, scientists at NASA examined various aspects of their health to understand the impact of space on the human body.

One surprising finding was that Scott’s telomeres, the protective caps on chromosomes, lengthened during his time in space. Telomeres are typically linked to aging, and this change was contrary to expectations. However, these telomeres returned to their normal length once Scott was back on Earth.

The study also revealed differences in the gut bacteria of the twins, likely due to their different diets and environments. Additionally, researchers found over 200,000 RNA molecule differences between Scott and Mark. Despite these changes, 91% of Scott’s RNA alterations reversed after he came back to Earth.

Interestingly, Scott’s cognitive abilities showed no significant decline during his space mission. This finding suggests that astronauts can maintain their mental performance during extended space travel.

Scott Kelly, now retired, has ventured into politics and is a US State Senator. Mark Kelly, also retired, has been active in politics and is a potential candidate for a presidential running mate.

This study highlights how extended space missions affect the human body and contributes valuable data for future space exploration. It also reassures that with proper monitoring, astronauts can sustain their health and cognitive functions during long missions in space.

Re-reported from the article originally published in UNILAD TECH.