Tribal Women in India: Economy, Education, Employment

India, with a population of over 104 million Scheduled Tribes (STs), encompasses a diverse array of cultures, dialects, and customs across its states and union territories. As per the 2011 Census, tribal people constitute around 8.9% of India’s total population. Within this demographic, tribal women face significant challenges and are often regarded as the most marginalized and disadvantaged members of society. Issues they encounter include limited access to education, healthcare, economic opportunities, and instances of violence against women. Nevertheless, tribal women exhibit resilience and strength. This article sheds light on the status of tribal women in India, addressing various aspects of their gender development.

Examining the current situation of tribal women in India reveals a complex picture. On one hand, they play a crucial role in the social and economic fabric of their communities. On the other hand, they face obstacles such as discrimination, poverty, and illiteracy. Constituting 47% of the tribal population, these women possess a strong sense of community and ecological awareness. They have demonstrated their ability to effect change on the ground and wield significant influence within their communities. Notably, tribal women serve as custodians of culture, preserving traditional knowledge and practices. Consequently, they offer valuable perspectives on pressing issues like climate change, forests, and sustainability.

By placing tribal communities and women at the forefront of solutions, India can significantly transform its trajectory of growth, especially as it enters the “Amrit Kaal” phase—the 25 years leading up to the centenary of Independence. Numerous indigenous women have already paved the way for inclusion and progress, both as individuals and as a collective. In Araku Valley, Andhra Pradesh, young tribal women have contributed to a remarkable achievement: three consecutive years without any reported maternal deaths, positively impacting maternal mortality rates. This exemplifies their potential to drive substantial change within their communities.
Re-reported from the article originally published in India English.