Warning Signs and Prevention of Anal Cancer
Anal cancer is not as common as colon or rectum cancer. Around 50,685 people worldwide were diagnosed with anal cancer in 2020, according to cancer.net.
Anal cancer starts in the anal canal, a short tube at the end of the rectum that eliminates stool. It happens because healthy cells become abnormal due to genetic changes. These abnormal cells form a mass or tumor, which can spread to other parts of the body. Human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection, is the main cause of anal cancer. Warning signs include anal bleeding, pain, itching, or a growth in the anal canal.
Dr. Balkishan Gupta, Director at Marengo Asia Hospitals Faridabad, explains that anal cancer is uncommon and affects the anal canal. It can be caused by HPV or by other cancers spreading to the anal canal. Symptoms may include changes in bowel habits, thin stools, rectal bleeding, pain, pressure, a lump near the anus, discharge, or itching. Seeking immediate medical attention is important to prevent the symptoms from getting worse.
Diagnosing anal cancer involves routine exams like digital rectal exams, anal pap smears, and biopsies. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment. Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery to remove the tumor.
To lower the risk of anal cancer, it is recommended to get the HPV vaccine, practice safe sex, and limit the number of sexual partners. Quitting or reducing smoking is also advised. People aged 9 to 26 can consider getting the three-dose series of the HPV vaccine.
Re-reported from the article originally published in Hindustan Times.
